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[j00j4nt200]

Vitamin megadoses
With the exception of folic acid supplements, the practice of taking vitamin supplements by healthy individuals has little or no relation to good health. Most adults in the United States can obtain enough vitamins by eating a well-balanced diet. It has, however, become increasingly common for people to take vitamins at levels far greater than the RDA. These high levels are sometimes called vitamin megadoses. Megadoses are harmless for most vitamins. But in the cases of a few of the vitamins—specifically vitamin D, vitamin A, and vitamin B6—megadoses can be harmful or fatal. Researchers have also started to look more closely at megadoses of vitamin C and of vitamin E, since indirect evidence suggests that these two vitamins may reduce the risks of cancer, heart disease, and aging. It is not yet clear whether megadoses of either of these vitamins has any influence on health. Some experts think that megadoses of vitamin C may protect people from cancer. On the other hand, other researchers have gathered indirect evidence that vitamin C megadoses may cause cancer.

Causes and symptoms
Fat-soluble vitamins
VITAMIN D. Vitamin D and vitamin A are the most toxic of the fat-soluble vitamins. The symptoms of vitamin D toxicity are nausea, vomiting, pain in the joints, and loss of appetite. The patient may experience constipation alternating with diarrhea, or have tingling sensations in the mouth. The toxic dose of vitamin D depends on its frequency. In infants, a single dose of 15 mg or greater may be toxic, but it is also the case that daily doses of 1.0 mg over a prolonged period may be toxic. In adults, a daily dose of 1.0-2.0 mg of vitamin D is toxic when consumed for a prolonged period. A single dose of about 50 mg or greater is toxic for adults. The immediate effect of an overdose of vitamin D is abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Toxic doses of vitamin D taken over a prolonged period of time result in irreversible deposits of calcium crystals in the soft tissues of the body that may damage the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

VITAMIN A. Vitamin A toxicity can occur with longterm consumption of 20 mg of retinol or more per day. The symptoms of vitamin A overdosing include accumulation of water in the brain (hydrocephalus), vomiting, tiredness, constipation, bone pain, and severe headaches. The skin may acquire a rough and dry appearance, with hair loss and brittle nails. Vitamin A toxicity is a special issue during pregnancy. Expectant mothers who take 10 mg vitamin A or more on a daily basis may have an infant with birth defects. These birth defects include abnormalities of the face, nervous system, heart, and thymus gland. It is possible to take in toxic levels of vitamin A by eating large quantities of certain foods. For example, about 30 grams of beef liver, 500 grams of eggs, or 2,500 grams of mackerel would supply 10 mg of retinol. The livers of polar bears and other arctic animals may contain especially high levels of vitamin A.

VITAMIN E. Megadoses of vitamin E may produce headaches, tiredness, double vision, and diarrhea in humans. Studies with animals fed large doses of vitamin E have revealed that this vitamin may interfere with the absorption of other fat-soluble vitamins. The term absorption means the transfer of the vitamin from the gut into the bloodstream. Thus, large doses of vitamin E consumed over many weeks or months might result in deficiencies of vitamin D, vitamin A, and vitamin K.

VITAMIN K. Prolonged consumption of megadoses of vitamin K (menadione) results in anemia, which is a reduced level of red blood cells in the bloodstream. When large doses of menadione are given to infants, they result in the deposit of pigments in the brain, nerve damage, the destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis), and eath. A daily injection of 10 mg of menadione into an infant for three days can kill the child. This tragic fact was discovered during the early days of vitamin research, when newborn infants were injected with menadione to prevent a disease known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Today a different form of vitamin K is used to protect infants against this disease.

Water-soluble vitamins
FOLATE. Folate occurs in various forms in food. There are over a dozen related forms of folate. The folate in oral vitamin supplements occurs in only one form, however—folic acid. Large doses of folic acid (20 grams/day) can result in eventual kidney damage. Folate is considered, however, to be relatively nontoxic, except in cases where folate supplementation can lead to pernicious anemia.

VITAMIN B12. Vitamin B12 is important in the treatment of pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is more common among middle-aged and older adults; it is usually detected in patients between the ages of 40 and 80. The disease affects about 0.1% of all persons in the general population in the United States, and about 3% of the elderly population. Pernicious anemia is treated with large doses of vitamin B12. Typically, 0.1 mg of the vitamin is injected each week until the symptoms of pernicious anemia disappear. The patient then takes oral doses of vitamin B12 for the rest of his or her life. Although vitamin B12 toxicity is not an issue for patients being treated for pernicious anemia, treatment of these patients with folic acid may cause problems. Specifically, pernicious anemia is often first detected because the patient feels weak or tired. If the anemia is not treated, the patient may suffer irreversible nerve damage. The problem with folic acid supplements is that the folic acid treatment prevents the anemia from developing, but allows the eventual nerve damage to occur.

VITAMIN B6. Vitamin B6 is clearly toxic at doses about 1000 times the RDA. Daily doses of 2-5 grams of one specific form of this vitamin can produce difficulty in walking and tingling sensations in the legs and soles of the feet. Continued megadoses of vitamin B6 result in further unsteadiness, difficulty in handling small objects, and numbness in the hands. When the high doses are stopped, recovery begins after two months. Complete recovery may take two to three years.

VITAMIN C. The RDA for vitamin C in adults is 60 mg er day. Large doses of vitamin C are considered to be toxic in persons with a family history of or tendency to form kidney stones or gallbladder stones. Kidney and gallbladder stones usually consist of calcium oxalate. Oxalate occurs in high concentrations in foods such as cocoa, chocolate, rhubarb, and spinach. A fraction of the vitamin C in the body is normally broken down in the body to produce oxalate. A daily supplement of 3.0 grams of vitamin C has been found to double the level of oxalate that passes through the kidneys and is excreted into the urine.

NIACIN. The RDA for niacin is 15-19 mg per day in adults. Niacin comes in two forms, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. Either form can satisfy the adult requirement for this vitamin. Nicotinic acid, however, is toxic at levels of 100 times the RDA. It can cause flushing of the skin, nausea, diarrhea, and liver damage. Flushing is an increase in blood passing through the veins in the skin, due to the dilation of arteries passing through deeper parts of the face or other parts of the body. In spite of the side effects, however, large doses of nicotinic acid are often used to lower blood cholesterol in order to prevent heart disease. Nicotinic acid results in a lowering of LDL cholesterol (“bad cholesterol”), an increase in HDL-cholesterol (“good cholesterol”), and a decrease in plasma triglycerides. Treatment involves daily doses of 1.5-4.0 grams of nicotinic acid per day. Flushing of the skin occurs as a side effect when nicotinic acid therapy is started, but may disappear with continued therapy.

Izvor: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine Vol 5

[j00j4nt200]

Diagnosis
The diagnosis of vitamin toxicity is usually made on the basis of the patient’s dietary or medical history. Questioning the patient about the use of vitamin supplements may shed light on some of his or her physical symptoms. With some vitamins, the doctor can confirm the diagnosis by ordering blood or urine tests for specific vitamins. When large amounts of the water-soluble vitamins are consumed, a large fraction of the vitamin is absorbed into the bloodstream and promptly excreted into the urine. The fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to be absorbed into the bloodstream and deposited in the fat and other tissues. In the cases of both water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, any vitamin not absorbed by the intestines is excreted in the feces. Megadoses of many of the vitamins produce diarrhea, because the non-absorbed nutrient draws water out of the body and into the gut, resulting in the loss of this water from the body.

Prognosis
The prognosis for reversing vitamin toxicity is excellent for most patients. Side effects usually go away as soon as overdoses are stopped. The exceptions are severe vitamin D toxicity, severe vitamin A toxicity, and severe vitamin B6 toxicity. Too much vitamin D leads to deposits of calcium salts in the soft tissue of the body, which cannot be reversed. Birth defects due to vitamin A toxicity cannot be reversed. Damage to the nervous system caused by megadoses of vitamin B6 can be reversed, but complete reversal may require a recovery period of over a year.

Prevention
Vitamin toxicity can be prevented by minimizing the use of vitamin supplements. If vitamin D supplements are being used on a doctor’s orders, vitamin toxicity can be prevented by monitoring the levels of plasma calcium. The development of hypercalcemia with vitamin D treatment indicates that the patient is at risk for vitamin D toxicity.

Izvor: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine Vol 5

[Pedja Petrovic]

e sada rapsrava ide u krivom smeru..

jer joint je stavio gomilu textova koje neko dete koje dojde opvamo nece imati pojma da procita jer su na engleskom jeziku,.
ako si hteo nesto da dokazes onda si se trebao bar da potrudis da nesto prevedes..pa maker to bilo i 2/3 recenice....a neovako..copy/paste..i to je extra.

dakle...da se vratimo poenti..

c vitamin nije smrtonosan NI U KOJIM DOZAMA

i prestanite da luprdate budalstine jbt...jos ce na kraju ipasti da ce neko da se otruje od c vitamina pa ce poceti da ga izbegavaju..

[j00j4nt200]

Ko nezna engleski nece moci procitati, ko zna shvatice sta pise.
Nigde ne pise da je srpski jedini jezik na forumu.

[Pedja Petrovic]

Ko nezna engleski nece moci procitati, ko zna shvatice sta pise.
Nigde ne pise da je srpski jedini jezik na forumu.

pametno...pametno..

steta sto se svi ne radjaju sa tom osobinom i mogucnosti razumevanja stranih jezika bez da ih uce

pametno!!!!!

[mboris]

Niko normalan nece moci da uzme toliko veliku dozu da umre od nje, pre ce je izbaciti iz organizma fizioloskim mehanizmima. Teoretski moguce da se predozira svime, pa i C vitaminom posto je vitamin C kiselina, jedino ako se uzima u koncentrovanoj formi (iz apoteke), ali je prakticno nemoguce uzeti toliko velku dozu! Posto je metabolizam pacova slican covekovom, onda recimo i da je LD50 slican covekovom. Posto je navedeno da je 11,9 g/kg vitamina C dovoljno da ubije 50% populacije, to bi znacilo da osoba od 100 kg treba da uzme 1190 g ili 1,19kg vitamina C i 50% je sansa da ce da umre. To naravno ako je zdrava osoba u pitanju, ako ima disfunkciju bibrega i digestivnog sistema, prica se menja.

[Pedja Petrovic]

ja bih licno voleo da vidim tu budalu koja je se ubila upotrebom c vitamina.

toga ne da ne treba zaliti..nego mu mrtvom ubrzigati otopinu c vtimina da ima i na onom svetu

11.9kg...razumena doza da se covek ubije....

[Darko]

Pa kako da unesem 12kg c vitamina,to je 120kut c vitamina od 1g i pakovan 100tableta u kutiji. Koliko to košta,bolje da kupi whey meni a sebi neka kupi mišomor  :-X

[Nikolans]

nije poenta u tome ko je lud, vec u tome da su uvek u pitanju doze i da o tome treba raspravljati, bilo o c vitamu ili wheyu...
Ja, kao logichki razumno bice, mislim da kroz takav pristup problemu kompetentni ljudi mogu da odgovore na pitanje  "da li je to i to shtetno".

[Pedja Petrovic]

pa eto....mi kao nerazumna bica ti ne mozemo ocigledno dati adekatvatan odgovor pa si ti odlucio da je najbolje slusati sebe i svoj unutrasnji glas.

cestitam..na pravom si putu

[Markoni]

mozda ima cir na zeludcu pa odere par grama vitamina C pa prokrvari cir i on iskrvari   ,  lol


sto se tice proizvodjaca , pa lazu svi , ili bolje da kazem ne daju sve informacije  , ali uskoro ce i to biti reseno kada FDA promeni propise , ja mislim vec od nove godine , ali to ce onda uticati i na skok cena a on je vec zajeban sto se tice proteina


sto se tice zarada proizvodjaci suplemenata najvise zaradjuju na suplemente koji su u kapsulama , to im je najveca zarada , mislim procentualno u odnosu na cenu sirovina koje stavljaju u kapsule

[I G O R]

U pravu je Markoni izmena zakona će biti uskoro, npr. u skorije vreme se neće moći kupiti u suplement shopovima C vitamin jači od 170mg po kapsuli (tableti), mnogi proizvodi  više neće moći biti u prodaju u E.U. , mi smo još daleko od E.U. ali i kod nas će biti promena.
Pitanje za Markonija: Ne znam kakve promene se očekuju po pitanju samih proteina?

Dobrodošao Markoni

[MAX SPORT]

mozda ima cir na zeludcu pa odere par grama vitamina C pa prokrvari cir i on iskrvari   ,  lol


sto se tice proizvodjaca , pa lazu svi , ili bolje da kazem ne daju sve informacije  , ali uskoro ce i to biti reseno kada FDA promeni propise , ja mislim vec od nove godine , ali to ce onda uticati i na skok cena a on je vec zajeban sto se tice proteina


sto se tice zarada proizvodjaci suplemenata najvise zaradjuju na suplemente koji su u kapsulama , to im je najveca zarada , mislim procentualno u odnosu na cenu sirovina koje stavljaju u kapsule

Pa neće biti baš dramatičnih promena oko informacija već će se smanjiti mogućnost zloupotrebe tumačenja postojećeg zakona. Oko sastava već sada bi morali da navode sastojke po procentualnom sadržaju od najvišeg ka najmanjem. Gde je naveća rupa u zakonu , proizvod je ispravan ako odstupanje nije veće od 10% od deklarisanog. Opušteno mogu da napišu da u nekom gejneru ima na primer 15% proteina a da u stvari ima samo 5% i opet je ispravan i tako za bilo koju supstancu da ne navodim neke ekstremne primere. Po novom zakonu ako u servingu ima 15 grama proteina na 100 grama proizvoda dozvoljeno odstupanje je 10% ali na tih 15grama proteina znači ne manje od 13.5 grama. Ima gomila novih pravila oko same proizvodnje... Veći proizvođači će morati da usklade sa zakonom već mislim od marta sledeće godine a najmanji tek 2014god.

Zarada nije najveća na kapsulama, samo kapsuliranje je ekstremno skupo, često skuple od sirovine.

[I G O R]

"Zarada nije najveća na kapsulama, samo kapsuliranje je ekstremno skupo, često skuple od sirovine."
- tako sam i ja cuo, samo bi te ispravio mislim da je tabletiranje u pitanju a ne kapsuliranje, no mozda gresim.

[Markoni]

kapsuliranje ne kosta puno , cak sta vise svako od nas moze da naruci capping machine za 14$ i i capsule u zavisnosti koje za 6-20$( zavisi od velicine)  za 1lb  a to je mnogo kapsula , i da sami pravite , kada toliko kosta masina i kapsule za nas onda proizvodjaci to nabavljaju po mnogo nizim cenama , drugo sirovine u kapsulama u tezini ako dostignu 50-100g 

[j00j4nt200]

Upravo zato sam rekao da mi znaci da proizvodjac ima GMP standard, a ne da neki mali privrednik sa capping masinom od xx$ pravi suplemente u podrumu i proteine u mesalici za beton.

[Pedja Petrovic]

Upravo zato sam rekao da mi znaci da proizvodjac ima GMP standard, a ne da neki mali privrednik sa capping masinom od xx$ pravi suplemente u podrumu i proteine u mesalici za beton.

e ovo vec govri izkustvo iz coveka.

kao sto rekoh...covek zna i nema tu vise trte mrte ;D ;D ;D

[MAX SPORT]

kapsuliranje ne kosta puno , cak sta vise svako od nas moze da naruci capping machine za 14$ i i capsule u zavisnosti koje za 6-20$( zavisi od velicine)  za 1lb  a to je mnogo kapsula , i da sami pravite , kada toliko kosta masina i kapsule za nas onda proizvodjaci to nabavljaju po mnogo nizim cenama , drugo sirovine u kapsulama u tezini ako dostignu 50-100g 

Au, sad si me ostavio bez teksta.
Da ne ulazimo u mašine, uzmi to što si naveo za kapsule $6-20 za lbs nek bude prosek za njih $5, znači za kilo preko $10. šta misliš koliko koštaju sirovine? Plus za njih obavezno ide sredstvo za podmazivanje (magnezijum stearat...), sušenje,...

[Pedja Petrovic]

kapsuliranje ne kosta puno , cak sta vise svako od nas moze da naruci capping machine za 14$ i i capsule u zavisnosti koje za 6-20$( zavisi od velicine)  za 1lb  a to je mnogo kapsula , i da sami pravite , kada toliko kosta masina i kapsule za nas onda proizvodjaci to nabavljaju po mnogo nizim cenama , drugo sirovine u kapsulama u tezini ako dostignu 50-100g 

Au, sad si me ostavio bez teksta.
Da ne ulazimo u mašine, uzmi to što si naveo za kapsule $6-20 za lbs nek bude prosek za njih $5, znači za kilo preko $10. šta misliš koliko koštaju sirovine? Plus za njih obavezno ide sredstvo za podmazivanje (magnezijum stearat...), sušenje,...

a jel imaju GMP standrad ;D ;D ;D ;D

[Markoni]

Upravo zato sam rekao da mi znaci da proizvodjac ima GMP standard, a ne da neki mali privrednik sa capping masinom od xx$ pravi suplemente u podrumu i proteine u mesalici za beton.

capping machine moze svako da kupi , kosta 14$ , ako npr. narucim CEE powder , koji smrdi neverovatno , i hocu da ga pakujem u kapsule , treba mi 20$ za capping machine i 454g capsula , ko zna koliko je to kapsula , puno verovatno , to su kapsule od 500mg